Morning Message: The Hearers of God

Bobservations' Column
Titled - "The Hearers of God"
Written by: Pastor Bob Lawrenz

Mid-week after Christmas, today’s passage focuses on a few of those that have heard the voice of God, and other “Announcers,” like Gabriel, an Angel whose ear was held by Almighty God. We know about God directing him to Daniel in Babylon. Gabriel carried messages of the highest importance.

God’s plans for Messiah His only begotten Son, were what we read of last week from Luke’s Gospel. Gabriel’s revelations were to a young Jewish virgin named Mary, right after Elizabeth and Zacharias learned of their roles in God’s plan. Gabriel’s part in God’s plan to save His people is remarkable. But Gabriel isn’t alone, as we read of Simeon, and Anna, we see a less dramatic style of God revealing His plan to them.

Simeon had asked God to keep him alive until he could see His Salvation. And the widow Anna saw God as her husbandman after her loving husband had passed from this earthly life. At eighty-four years old, she served God with prayer and daily fastings. Regular worshippers just saw her as always being at Temple when they would visit weekly. Anna was there devotedly, seeking after the Lord, without fanfare.

Simeon, was likely there daily too, looking with hope at every child that came through the doors of the Temple. Along with Anna, he sought after the Lord, awaiting the arrival of the One who was to inherit the Throne of David the King. His kingdom is to have no end. Christmas celebrations are not reserved for December 25th; they are meant for every day of our lives. Since we don’t know the date of His birth, it makes sense that our faith is sufficient to get us through our time on Earth, to the day of His call to come home.

Joseph, Mary, and Jesus while here on Earth, were observant Jews, keeping the Laws of the ages. Keeping the Commandments to the best of our ability should bring us closer to the Savior. As we rejoice in His birth, and keep the rejoicing going throughout the New Year!

“But ye, beloved, building up yourselves on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Ghost, Keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life.” - Jude 1:20-21

Bobservations' Column:  Audio Version

Sunday Morning Message:

Luke 2:20-40 - "The Hearers of God"

Summary/Additional Commentary & Definitions:

As we continue the gospel message of the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ from Luke chapter 2, the writer narrates Jesus's presentation at the Temple, where the devout Simeon and prophetess Anna recognize him as the promised Messiah, foretelling his role as a light to all nations, while also highlighting the humble birth in Bethlehem (vv. 2-20) and Jesus's early growth, culminating in the significant event where the twelve-year-old Jesus stays in the Temple, declaring, "I must be in my Father's house," revealing his divine identity and mission to his earthly parents. The "hearers of God" in this passage are figures like the shepherds, Simeon, and Anna, who are attuned to divine revelation, receiving angelic messages or being led by the Spirit to recognize and proclaim Jesus as the long-awaited Savior, demonstrating that God speaks to the humble and faithful, not just the powerful.

The Hearers of God in Luke 2 - 

• Shepherds: The first to hear the angelic announcement, they represent the humble, overlooked people who God calls to witness the Messiah.
• Simeon: A devout, righteous man who had been promised he wouldn't die before seeing the Messiah, demonstrating God's faithfulness and revealing the Messiah's universal purpose.
• Anna: An aged, prayerful prophetess who confirms Simeon's message, showing that God's Spirit works through both men and women, young and old, to reveal Christ.
• Mary: Though the mother, she is also a hearer, "pondering these things in her heart," as she receives divine revelations and prophecies about her son, showing even close family must receive the message. 

Sunday Morning Audio Message: Upload Coming Soon!

Key Words and Definitions with Reference:

Eight Days (2:21) - In accord with God's commandment (Genesis 17:12; Leviticus 12:1-3; cf. Philippians 3:5), it had become customary to name a child at circumcision. 

Her Purification (2:22) - A woman who bore a son was ceremonially unclean for forty days.  After that she was to offer a yearling lamb and a dove or pigeon (Leviticus 12:6).  If poor, she could offer two doves or pigeons (Leviticus 12:8).  Mary's offering indicates that she and Joseph were poor (vs. 24).

To Jerusalem (2:22) - A journey of about six miles from Bethlehem.

To Present Him to the Lord (2:22) - The dedication of the firstborn son was also required by Moses' Law (vs. 23, cf. Exodus 13:2, 12-15).

A Pair of Turtledoves (2:24) - quotes from Leviticus 12:8.

Simeon (2:25) - Simeon’s reputation was that of being “righteous and devout” (Luke 2:25). For generations the people of God waited for and expected a Messiah, a Savior. Simeon was like his fellow Israelites in that he waited “for the consolation of Israel” (verse 25). The concept of consolation implies comfort. The nation of Israel was waiting for God’s comfort, expecting that He would come and rescue them (Luke 23:50–51; Mark 15:43; Acts 10:22), just as He had done in delivering them from slavery and bringing them out of Egypt (Exodus 14). Simeon was unique in what he knew—namely, that he would see the Messiah with his own eyes, for “it had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not die before he had seen the Lord’s Messiah” (Luke 2:26).
Joseph and Mary, in faithfulness to the Law, traveled to Jerusalem while Jesus was still an infant to present Him to God in the temple (Luke 2:22; cf. Exodus 13:1–2). It is during their visit to the temple that Simeon saw Jesus, the long-awaited “consolation of Israel.” We don’t know how long Simeon had waited, but we do know that he was led by the Spirit to go to the temple that day, and he recognized Jesus the moment he saw Him.
Simeon’s words assert that 1) Jesus would be the salvation of the world, 2) He would deliver truth not only to those in Israel but also to the Gentiles, and 3) Jesus would bring glory upon the people of Israel. Luke records that Jesus’ parents “marveled at what was said about him” (Luke 2:33).
Simeon spoke to Mary, Jesus’ mother. Simeon said, “This child is destined to cause the falling and rising of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be spoken against, so that the thoughts of many hearts will be revealed. And a sword will pierce your own soul too” (Luke 2:34). In this prophecy, Simeon said that 1) some of the Jewish people would believe that Jesus is the “consolation of Israel,” and some would not, 2) there would be much opposition to Jesus in the future, 3) Jesus would reveal the truth, and 4) Jesus’ suffering would cause Mary much pain, personally.
Simeon stands as a testimony of how we, too, should anticipate the arrival of the Messiah. Simeon looked forward to Christ’s first coming, and we anticipate His second coming (see Acts 1:11 and Titus 2:13).

The Consolation of Israel (2:25) - A messianic title, evidently derived from verses like Isaiah 25:9; 40:1, 2; 66:1-11.  The concept of consolation implies comfort. The nation of Israel was waiting for God’s comfort, expecting that He would come and rescue them (Luke 23:50–51; Mark 15:43; Acts 10:22), just as He had done in delivering them from slavery and bringing them out of Egypt (Exodus 14). 

Revealed unto Him (2:26) - It is significant that with messianic expectation running so high (cf. 3:15), and with the many Old Testament prophecies that spoke of His coming, still only a handful of people realized the significance of Christ's birth.  Most o them, including Simeon, received some angelic message or other special revelation to make the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies clear.

"Simeon's Psalm" (2:29-32) - Simenon's psalm is known as the Nunc Dimittis, from the first two words of the Latin translation.  It is the fourth of five psalms of praise Luke included in his birth narrative.  It is a touching expression of Simeon's extraordinary faith. 

Thy Salvation (2:30) - The One who would redeem His people from their sins.

All People (2:31) - All nations, tongues, and tribes (cf. Revelation 7:9) - both Israel and the Gentiles (vs. 32).

Fall and Rising Again of Many in Israel (2:34) - To those who reject Him, He is a stone of stumbling (1 Peter 2:8); those who receive Him are raised up (Ephesians 2:6).  Cf. Isaiah 8:14, 15; Hosea 14:9; 1 Corinthians 1:23, 24.

Spoken Against (2:34) - This was synecdoche.  Simeon mentioned only the verbal insults hurled at Christ, but the expression actually embraced more than that - Israel's rejection, hatred, and crucifixion of the Messian.

A Sword (2:35) - This was undoubtedly a reference to the personal grief Mary would endure when she watched her own Son die in agony (John 19:25).

Thoughts of Many Hearts...Revealed (2:35) - The rejection of the Messiah would reveal the appalling truth about the apostate state of the Jews.

Anna. . .Prophetess (2:36) - Anna is mentioned in the Bible as a prophetess and one of the people connected to Jesus’ childhood. She was the daughter of Penuel from the tribe of Asher. Her name, which she shares with Hannah in the Old Testament, means “favor” or “grace.” All we know of her is found in three verses in the New Testament book of Luke. When Anna encounters the infant Jesus in the temple, we see that her life is indeed overflowing with favor and grace.
Anna is among only a handful of women in the Bible bearing the title “prophetess.” The others are Miriam, the sister of Moses (Exodus 15:20); Deborah, the judge (Judges 4:4); Huldah, the wife of Shallum (2 Chronicles 34:22); Isaiah’s wife (Isaiah 8:3); and Philip’s four unmarried daughters (Acts 21:9).
Anna had been married only seven years when she became a widow, and she remained a widow for the rest of her life. Most translations indicate that Anna was eighty-four years old when she met Jesus. But it is also possible to translate the text to mean Anna had lived eighty-four years after her husband died. That would mean Anna was at least 104 years old—if she had married at the age of thirteen. Either way, she had spent the vast majority of her life without a husband and was ministering before the Lord in the temple.
After becoming a widow, Anna dedicated herself wholly to the Lord. She never left the temple in Jerusalem but spent her time worshiping, fasting, and praying. It is possible that Anna was given living quarters at the temple because of her designation as prophetess, or she may have lived close by. What stands out is that her devotion was constant for the majority of her life, and her devotion was rewarded with an encounter with her Savior. Her many years of sacrifice and service were worth it all when she beheld the Messiah, the One for whom she had waited so long.

Morning Message: The Announcer - Have A Blessed Christmas!

Bobservations' Column

Titled - "The Announcer"
Written by: Pastor Bob Lawrenz

Like the Prophets of old, God uses individuals for His specific purposes. The Apostle Peter was no different. He was like the unofficial head of the Apostles, probably based on his age. (See John 20: 3, 4, "Another younger Apostle out-ran Peter on Resurrection Sunday, as they ran to the empty tomb.") Both were filled with the Spirit, both wrote short Epistles, but Peter wrote this about Scripture in 2 Peter 1:21: “For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but Holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.”

They were anointed by God to share God’s words with His children, to whosoever would listen and hear. Most Epistles were written to professing Believers in their respective churches. A few Epistles were written to the general Body of Christ. Peter’s Epistles were of this kind, written to the entire body of Believers. God gave them understanding of what they heard and read through the same Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost) who literally authored the words, as scribes penned them on paper, or papyrus.

So too, with specific Angels, such as the Archangels, like Michael, a warrior Angel, and Gabriel, who God used several times to make important announcements to those who love God, and are called to His purpose (Romans 8:28), and Raphael, whose name coincides with Jehovah-Rapha (Exodus 15:26), a name for God, who heals us: “Rapha-El,” meaning healer from, or of, Jehovah.

Today, with Christmas approaching fast, we look to Gabri-El who was given important messages to give to Holy men and a women: to Daniel, to Zacharias, and to Mary. He had spoken to Daniel of world history and events leading up to End Times. He spoke to Zacharias about his son John being a fore-runner to Jesus, and he spoke to Mary about being the chosen Virgin, who was to bring the Savior into the World, Immanu-El, which is interpreted, God with us (Isaiah 7:14)!

We take note of these names: Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Immanuel, and even Israel, all ending in “-el,” which is a shortened form of one of the names of God, “Elohiym.”  In the Hebrew Bible, it occurs 2,600 times in 2,246 verses.

Bobservations' Column: Audio Version

Sunday Morning Message:

Luke 1:26 - 2:20 - "The Announcer"

Summary/Additional Commentary & Definitions:

Have a Blessed Christmas!

This morning we're going to find ourselves in Luke chapter 1 beginning at verse 26. Before we actually read the text, a little bit of background.

The most widely shared commemoration across the world, involving more people and more nations than any other holiday celebration is Christmas. It transcends national history, and it goes everywhere where Christianity has ever been. Though it is the most widely celebrated around the world, in many ways it is the least understood. All the holidays and all the celebrations and all the commemorations of people and events across the globe take note of human events, human beings. Christmas commemorates a divine person and a divine event.

We're not remembering what a man has done or what men have done, but what God has done. This is not a celebration of human history. This is not a recognition of human achievement. It is a recognition of a marvelous, miraculous, divine accomplishment. Christmas celebrates the most monumental event and the most monumental person in the history of the world. Christmas is all about the eternal, sovereign creator God of the universe coming to earth, coming into the earth of His creation as a human being to live among His creation as one of them.

The child of Christmas was God in human form, born as a baby, living as a man. The story begins in verse 26.

Luke 1:26-2:20 narrates the miraculous conception and birth of Jesus, starting with Angel Gabriel's announcement to Mary in Nazareth (that she'd bear the Son of God) and her visit to Elizabeth (where John the Baptist leaped in her womb). It covers the census leading Mary and Joseph to Bethlehem, Jesus's humble birth in a manger, and the angelic message to shepherds, who then found the baby and spread the news, praising God for the Savior's arrival.

Sunday Morning Audio Message:

Key Words and Definitions with Reference:

Nazareth (1:26) - An obscure town seventy miles north of Jerusalem, was a place of lowly reputation.

A Virgin (1:27) - The importance of the Virgin Birth cannot be overstated.  A right view of the Incarnation hinges on the truth that Jesus was virgin-born.  Both Luke and Matthew expressly state that Mary was a virgin when Jesus was conceived.  The Holy Spirit wrought the conception through supernatural means.  The nature of Christ conception testifies of both His deity and His sinlessness.

Highly Favored (1:28) - Literally "full of grace" - a term used of all believers in Ephesians 1:6, where it is translated "accepted."  This portrays Mary as a recipient, ot a dispenser, of divine grace.

Jesus (1:31) - The Hebrews Jeshua means "the Lord is Salvation." The Name actually means "Savior". 

He Shall Be Great (1:32) - The same promise was made of John the Baptist.  However, the subsequent title is what set Jesus apart.

Son of the Highest (1:32) - John the Baptist is called "the prophet of the Highest."  The Greek term Luke uses for "Highest" is the one employed in the LXX to translate the Hebrews, "The Most High God."  Since a son bears his father's qualities, calling a person someone else's "son" was a way of signifying equality.  Here the angel was telling Mary that her Son would be equal to the Most High God.

His Father David (1:32) - Jesus was David's physical descendant through Mary's line.  David's "throne" was emblematic of the messianic kingdom (cf. 2 Samuel 7:13-16; Psalm 89:26-29). 

Over the House of Jacob Forever (1:33) - This emphasis both the Jewish character of the millennial kingdom and the eternal permanence of Christ's rule overall.

The Holy Ghost Shall Come Upon You (1:35) - This was a creative act of the Holy Spirit, not the sort of divine-human cohabitation sometimes seen in pagan mythology.

The Mother of My Lord (1:43) - This expression is not in praise of Mary, but in praise of the child whom she bore.  It was a profound expression of Elizabeth's confidence that Mary's child would be the long-hoped for Messiah - the One whom even David called "Lord."  

Babe Leaped in My Womb for Joy (1:44) - The infant, like his mother, was Spirit-filled.  His response, like that of Elizabeth, was supernaturally prompted by the Spirit of God.

The Magnificat (1:46-55) - Mary's Magnificat is filled with Old Testament allusions and quotations.  It reveals that Mary's heart and mind were saturated with the Word of God.  It contains repeated echoes of Hannah's prayers (1 Samuel 1:11; 2:1-10.  These verses also contain numerous allusions to the law, the psalms, and the prophets.  The entire passage is a point-by-point reciting of the covenant promises of God. 

My Savior (1:47) - Mary referred to God as "Savior," indicating both that she recognized her own need of a Savior, and that she knew the true God as her Savior. Nothing here or anywhere else in Scripture indicates Mary thought of herself as "immaculate" (free from the taint of original sin).  Quite the opposite is true; she employed language typical of someone whose only hope for salvation is divine grace.  Nothing in this passage lends support to the notion that Mary herself ought to be an object of adoration.

Horn of Salvation (1:69) - A common expression in the Old Testamen (2 Samuel 22:3; Psalm 18:2).  The horn is a symbol of strengthe (Deuteronomy 33:17).  These words were clearly not meant to exalt John the Baptist.  Since both Zacharias and Elizabeth were Levites, the One raise up "in the house of . . . David" could not be John, but spoke of someone greater than he (John 1:26, 27).  Verse 76-79 spoke of John's role.

His Holy Covenant (11:72) - The Abrahamic Covenant, with its promise of salvation by grace.

Remission of Their Sins (1:77) - Forgiveness of sins is the heart of salvation.  God saves sinners from separation from Him and from eternal hell only by atoning for and forgiving their sins.

Caesar Augustus (2:1) - Caius Octavius, grand-nephew, adopted son, and primary heir to Julius Ceasar.  Before and after Julius's death in 44 B.C., the Roman government was constantly torn by power struggles.  Octavius ascended to undisputed supremacy in 31 B.C. by defeating his last remaining rival, Antony, in a military battle at Actium.  In 29 B.C., the Roman senate declared Octavius Rome's first emperor.  Two years later they honored him with the title "Augustus" ("exalted one" - term signifying religious veneration).  Rome's republican government was effectively abolished, and Augustus was given supreme military power.  He reigned until his death in A.D. 14.  Under his rule, the Roman Empire dominated the Mediterranean region, ushering in a period of great prosperity and relative peace.  He ordered "all the world" (the Roman Empire) to be "registered." This was not merely a one-time census; the decree actually established a cycle of enrollments that were to occur every fourteen years.  Palestine had previously been excluded from the Romans census, because Jews were exempt from serving in the Roman army, and the census was designed primarily to register young men for military service, as well as account for all Roman citizens.  this new, universal census was ostensibly to number each nation by family and tribe (hence Joseph, a Judean, had to return to his ancestral home to register.  Property and income values were not recorded in this registration.  But soon the names and population statistics gathered in this census were used for the levying of poll taxes, and the Jews came to regard the census itself as a distasteful symbol of Roman oppression.

Cyrenius (also known as Quirinius) was Governing Syria (2:2) - Publius Sulpicius Quirinius (Cyrenius) is known to have governed Syria during A.D. 6-9.  A well-known census was taken in Palestine in A.D. 6.  Josephus records that it sparked a violent Jewish revolt (mentioned by Luke, quoting Gamaliel in Acts 5:37).  Quirinius was responsible for administering that census, and he also play a major role in quelling the subsequent rebellion.  However, that cannot be the census Luke has in mind here, because it occurred about a decade after the death of Herod - much too late to fit Luke's chronology.  In light of Luke's meticulous care as a historian, it would be unreasonable to charge him with such an obvious anachronism.  Indeed, archaeology has vindicated Luke.  A fragment of stone discovered at Tivoli (near Rome) in A.D. 1764 contains an inscription in honor of a Roman official who, it states, was twice governor of Syria and Phoenicia during the reign of Augustus.  The name of the official is not on the fragment but among his accomplishments are listed details that, as far as is known, can fit no one other than Quirinius.  

Nazareth...Bethlehem (2:4) - Both Joseph and Mary were descendants of David and therefore went to their tribal home in Judea to be registered.  This was a difficult trek of more than seventy miles through mountainous terrain - a particularly grueling journey for Mary, on the verge of deliver.  Perhaps she and Joseph were conscious that a birth in Bethlehem would fulfill the prophecy in Micah 5:2.

First born (2:7) - Mary had other children subsequent to this.

Manger (2:7) - A feeding trough for animals.  This is the source of the notion that Christ was born in a stable, something nowhere stated in Scripture.  Ancient tradition held that He was born in a cave (possibly one used as s shelter for animals).  But no actual description of the location is given.

City of David (2:11) - Bethlehem, the town where David was born - not the City of David, which was on the southern slope of Mt. Zion (cf. 2 Samuel 5:7-9). 

A Savior (2:11) - This is one of only two places in the Gospels where Christ is referred to as "Savior" - the other being John 4:42, where the men of Sychar confessed Him as "Savior of the world."

Christ (2:11) - is the Greek equivalent of "Messiah".

Lord (2:11) - The Greek word can mean "master" - but it is also the word used to translate the covenant name of God.  Here (and in most of its New Testament occurrences), it is used in the latter sense, as a title of deity.

The Highest (2:14) - Heaven.

Peace (2:14) - not a universal declaration toward all humanity.  Rather, peace with God is a corollary of justification.

Goodwill Toward Men (2:14) - God's sovereign good pleasure.  God's peace is not a reward for those who have good will, but a gracious gift to those who are the objects of His good will.

Morning Message: Sacrifice of Praise

Bobservations' Column
Titled - "Sacrifice of Praise"
Written by: Pastor Bob Lawrenz

The final portion of The Epistle to the Hebrews is upon us. And it’s a fitting time of the year, as Christmas is just a week and a half away. “The sacrifice of praise” begins this passage, and we are encouraged to communicate to others the reason for our joy in Christ. That’s evangelization, pointing others to Christ for all the wonderful gifts He has given us.

There are two amazing days each year when we are truly motivated to Praise our Lord Jesus: Resurrection Sunday when He overcame death, and on the day of Christmas when we celebrate His coming to Earth to live among His Creation!

These are the days when we proclaim the prophecies of His coming; Isaiah spoke of the virgin birth, and what Christ would be called. Micah declared where He would be born. And Daniel pointed us to the day that Christ would come into Jerusalem. These were just a few of the “Holy Men of God” that would write of His coming to save His own Creation. (2 Peter 1: 21)

The Gospels give us many more details, building upon the foundations of prophecy and their fulfillment. The days were to be in troublesome times, and attempts would be made to kill Him before He took His throne.

For us though, these are days of rejoicing and praise, for Our King was born and the peace and joy that He has supplied to us is beyond measuring. The celebrations of Jesus’ Birth have already begun, praise songs before service turn into Carols and Hymns of praise, hope, and deliverance.

The Christmas Season is celebrated by Believers around the world beginning with the religious celebration of Advent, starting four weeks before. But in reality, Christians can be celebrating Jesus’ birth all year long, if for no other reason than we do not know the actual date of His Birth. Every day is a new day to praise Him and give Him glory, 365 days-a-year!

“For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given:

and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and

his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The

Mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.”

Isaiah 9:6

Bobservations' Column: Audio Version

Sunday Morning Message:

Hebrews 13:15-25 - "Sacrifice of Praise"

Summary/Additional Commentary & Definitions:

In this final message from the study of the book of Hebrews, the writer will draw our attention to a summary of the Christian life.    Believers are urged to live a life of sacrificial praise and good works, rooted in Jesus' finished sacrifice, while submitting to leaders and looking forward to the eternal city, receiving God's equipping grace and a final blessing.  

Key themes include continually offering praise (the "fruit of lips"), doing good and sharing (acts pleasing to God), obeying spiritual leaders, enduring reproach for Christ, and relying on God's promise, "I will never leave you nor forsake you, "to find strength and joy in our unchanging Christ. 

In essence: The passage summarizes the Christian life as a transformed existence, fueled by appreciation for Christ's ultimate sacrifice, expressed through ongoing worship and service, and anchored by faith in God's everlasting presence, all while awaiting a future heavenly home.

Sunday Morning Audio Message:

Key Words and Definitions with Reference:

Praise . . . Thanks (13:15) - As seen throughout the Book of Hebrews, sacrifices were extremely important under the Old Covenant.  Under the New Covenant, God desires the praise and thanksgiving of His people rather than offerings of animals or grain.  Since New Testament believers are all priests (1 Peter 2:5, 9), they have offerings of praise and thanks to God (cf. Romans 12:1).  The "sacrifice of praise" is also mentioned in Leviticus 7:12; Psalm 54:6. For "fruit of the lips," see Isaiah 57:19; Hosea 14:2.

Do Good . . . Communicate (Share) (13:16) - The sacrifice of praise coming from the lips of God's people please Him only when accompanied by loving action (cf. Isaiah 58:6, 7; James 1:27; 1 John 3:18).

Rule Over You (13:17) - The leaders of the church (pastors/elders) exercise the very authority of Christ when they preach, teach, and apply Scripture.  They serve the church on behalf of Christ and must give Him an account of their faithfulness.  These may include both secular and spiritual rulers.  Even those who do not acknowledge God are nevertheless ordained and used by Him (cf. Romans 13:1, 4).

Joy (13:17) - The church is responsible to help its leaders to their work with satisfaction and delight. 

Restored (13:19) - The author had been with these Hebrews and was anxious to once again be in their fellowship.

God of Peace (13:20) - Paul uses this title six times in his epistles (cf. 1 Thessalonians 5:23).

Great Shepherd of the Sheep (13:20) - See Isaiah 63:11. This is Jesus, the Good Shephard who cares for His people (the flock). The figure of the Messiah as a Shepherd is found frequently in Scripture (cf. Psalm 23; Isaiah 40:11; Ezekiel 34:23; John 10:11; 1 Peter 2:25; 5:4).

Through the Blood of the Everlasting Covenant (13:20) - This must refer, in the context of Hebrews, to the New Covenant that is eternal (in a future sense) compared to the Mosaic covenant that was temporary and had been abrogated.

Make You Perfect (Complete) (13:21) - This is not the Greek word for "perfect", or "perfection" used throughout Hebrews to indicate salvation, but is a word which is translated "prepared" in 10:5 and "framed" in 11:3.  It refers to believers being edified.  the verb has the idea of equipping by means of adjusting, shaping, mending, restoring, or preparing.

Suffer (13:22) - Means to bear with. Readers are encouraged to receive this message with open minds, and warm hearts, in contrast to those who " will not endure sound doctrine" (2 Timothy 4:3).

Word of Exhortation (13:22) - This is the writer's own description of his epistle.

Set at Liberty (13:23) - Meaning set free. The details of Timothy's imprisonment are unknown (cf. 2 Timothy 4:11, 21).

They of Italy (13:24) - The group to which the author wrote may have been in Italy, or the meaning might be that Italian Christians who were with him sent their greetings.